Smart factory conversations often start with dashboards and AI. In practice they start with pumps, PLCs, power drops, and the question of whether a sensor reading on screen matches what an operator would trust in the field.
My ORMVA telemanagement internship was not labeled “Industry 4.0,” but the architecture rhymes with it: edge devices, constrained connectivity, a secure path to a central API, and React views that only matter if the data pipeline is documented.
LoRaWAN, LTE, and MQTT are not fashion choices. They are answers to geography, latency, and who maintains the gateway when something fails on a weekend. Smart factories fail for the same reasons — not because the chart library was wrong.
What I take into manufacturing-minded projects: name the source of truth for each signal, write the deployment guide operators actually use, and treat the UI as the last mile — not the product.